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The charge compensation, quantum efficiency and the thermal stability of Ca2Ga2GeO7Eu3+ were also studied.In general, the identification of biological activities of a molecule requires the observation of its physicochemical characteristics with its molecular interactions in an organism. The acid-base ionization constant (or pKa) is one of the key parameters that shows the physicochemical behaviors of molecules used in pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics etc. Therefore, the development of new methods (or approaches) is necessary to get simple, rapid, inexpensi

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Background Male patients with Marfan syndrome have a higher risk of aortic events and root dilatation compared with females. The role androgens play during Marfan syndrome aneurysm development in males remains unknown. We hypothesized that androgens potentiate transforming growth factor beta induced Erk (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase)/Smad activation, contributing to aneurysm progression in males. Methods and Results Aortic diameters in Fbn1C1039G/+ and littermate wild-type controls were measured at ages 6, 8, 12, and 16 week